loki
# 使用 Loki 实现容器日志监控
## 1. 安装 Loki
### 创建 RBAC 授权
```bash
cat <<END > loki-rbac.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
name: logging
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: loki
namespace: logging
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
name: loki
namespace: logging
rules:
- apiGroups: ["extensions"]
resources: ["podsecuritypolicies"]
verbs: ["use"]
resourceNames: [loki]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
name: loki
namespace: logging
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: Role
name: loki
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: loki
END
kubectl create -f loki-rbac.yaml
```
### 创建 ConfigMap 文件
```bash
cat <<END > loki-configmap.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: loki
namespace: logging
labels:
app: loki
data:
loki.yaml: |
auth_enabled: false
ingester:
chunk_idle_period: 3m
chunk_block_size: 262144
chunk_retain_period: 1m
max_transfer_retries: 0
lifecycler:
ring:
kvstore:
store: inmemory
replication_factor: 1
limits_config:
enforce_metric_name: false
reject_old_samples: true
reject_old_samples_max_age: 168h
schema_config:
configs:
- from: "2022-05-15"
store: boltdb-shipper
object_store: filesystem
schema: v11
index:
prefix: index_
period: 24h
server:
http_listen_port: 3100
storage_config:
boltdb_shipper:
active_index_directory: /data/loki/boltdb-shipper-active
cache_location: /data/loki/boltdb-shipper-cache
cache_ttl: 24h
shared_store: filesystem
filesystem:
directory: /data/loki/chunks
chunk_store_config:
max_look_back_period: 0s
table_manager:
retention_deletes_enabled: true
retention_period: 48h
compactor:
working_directory: /data/loki/boltdb-shipper-compactor
shared_store: filesystem
END
kubectl create -f loki-configmap.yaml
```
### 创建 StatefulSet
```bash
cat <<END > loki-statefulset.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: loki
namespace: logging
labels:
app: loki
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 3100
protocol: TCP
name: http-metrics
targetPort: http-metrics
nodePort: 30100
selector:
app: loki
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
name: loki
namespace: logging
labels:
app: loki
spec:
podManagementPolicy: OrderedReady
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: loki
serviceName: loki
updateStrategy:
type: RollingUpdate
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: loki
spec:
serviceAccountName: loki
initContainers:
- name: chmod-data
image: busybox:1.28.4
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
command: ["chmod","-R","777","/loki/data"]
volumeMounts:
- name: storage
mountPath: /loki/data
containers:
- name: loki
image: grafana/loki:2.3.0
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
args:
- -config.file=/etc/loki/loki.yaml
volumeMounts:
- name: config
mountPath: /etc/loki
- name: storage
mountPath: /data
ports:
- name: http-metrics
containerPort: 3100
protocol: TCP
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /ready
port: http-metrics
scheme: HTTP
initialDelaySeconds: 45
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /ready
port: http-metrics
scheme: HTTP
initialDelaySeconds: 45
securityContext:
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 4800
volumes:
- name: config
configMap:
name: loki
- name: storage
hostPath:
path: /app/loki
END
kubectl create -f loki-statefulset.yaml
```
## 2.安装 Promtail
### 创建 RBAC 授权文件
```bash
cat <<END > promtail-rbac.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: loki-promtail
labels:
app: promtail
namespace: logging
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
labels:
app: promtail
name: promtail-clusterrole
namespace: logging
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["nodes","nodes/proxy","services","endpoints","pods"]
verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: promtail-clusterrolebinding
labels:
app: promtail
namespace: logging
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: loki-promtail
namespace: logging
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: promtail-clusterrole
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
END
kubectl create -f promtail-rbac.yaml
```
### 创建 ConfigMap 文件
Promtail 配置文件 [官方介绍](https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/send-data/promtail/configuration/)
```bash
cat <<"END" > promtail-configmap.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: loki-promtail
namespace: logging
labels:
app: promtail
data:
promtail.yaml: |
client:
backoff_config:
max_period: 5m
max_retries: 10
min_period: 500ms
batchsize: 1048576
batchwait: 1s
external_labels: {}
timeout: 10s
positions:
filename: /run/promtail/positions.yaml
server:
http_listen_port: 3101
target_config:
sync_period: 10s
scrape_configs:
- job_name: kubernetes-pods-name
pipeline_stages:
- docker: {}
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: pod
relabel_configs:
- source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_name
target_label: __service__
- source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_node_name
target_label: __host__
- action: drop
regex: ''
source_labels:
- __service__
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
- action: replace
replacement: $1
separator: /
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_namespace
- __service__
target_label: job
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_namespace
target_label: namespace
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_name
target_label: pod
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_container_name
target_label: container
- replacement: /var/log/pods/*$1/*.log
separator: /
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_uid
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_container_name
target_label: __path__
- job_name: kubernetes-pods-app
pipeline_stages:
- docker: {}
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: pod
relabel_configs:
- action: drop
regex: .+
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_name
- source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_app
target_label: __service__
- source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_node_name
target_label: __host__
- action: drop
regex: ''
source_labels:
- __service__
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
- action: replace
replacement: $1
separator: /
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_namespace
- __service__
target_label: job
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_namespace
target_label: namespace
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_name
target_label: pod
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_container_name
target_label: container
- replacement: /var/log/pods/*$1/*.log
separator: /
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_uid
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_container_name
target_label: __path__
- job_name: kubernetes-pods-direct-controllers
pipeline_stages:
- docker: {}
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: pod
relabel_configs:
- action: drop
regex: .+
separator: ''
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_name
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_app
- action: drop
regex: '[0-9a-z-.]+-[0-9a-f]{8,10}'
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_controller_name
- source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_controller_name
target_label: __service__
- source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_node_name
target_label: __host__
- action: drop
regex: ''
source_labels:
- __service__
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
- action: replace
replacement: $1
separator: /
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_namespace
- __service__
target_label: job
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_namespace
target_label: namespace
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_name
target_label: pod
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_container_name
target_label: container
- replacement: /var/log/pods/*$1/*.log
separator: /
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_uid
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_container_name
target_label: __path__
- job_name: kubernetes-pods-indirect-controller
pipeline_stages:
- docker: {}
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: pod
relabel_configs:
- action: drop
regex: .+
separator: ''
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_name
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_app
- action: keep
regex: '[0-9a-z-.]+-[0-9a-f]{8,10}'
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_controller_name
- action: replace
regex: '([0-9a-z-.]+)-[0-9a-f]{8,10}'
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_controller_name
target_label: __service__
- source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_node_name
target_label: __host__
- action: drop
regex: ''
source_labels:
- __service__
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
- action: replace
replacement: $1
separator: /
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_namespace
- __service__
target_label: job
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_namespace
target_label: namespace
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_name
target_label: pod
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_container_name
target_label: container
- replacement: /var/log/pods/*$1/*.log
separator: /
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_uid
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_container_name
target_label: __path__
- job_name: kubernetes-pods-static
pipeline_stages:
- docker: {}
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: pod
relabel_configs:
- action: drop
regex: ''
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_kubernetes_io_config_mirror
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_component
target_label: __service__
- source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_node_name
target_label: __host__
- action: drop
regex: ''
source_labels:
- __service__
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
- action: replace
replacement: $1
separator: /
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_namespace
- __service__
target_label: job
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_namespace
target_label: namespace
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_name
target_label: pod
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_container_name
target_label: container
- replacement: /var/log/pods/*$1/*.log
separator: /
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_kubernetes_io_config_mirror
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_container_name
target_label: __path__
END
kubectl create -f promtail-configmap.yaml
```
### 创建 DaemonSet 文件
```bash
cat <<END > promtail-daemonset.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: loki-promtail
namespace: logging
labels:
app: promtail
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: promtail
updateStrategy:
rollingUpdate:
maxUnavailable: 1
type: RollingUpdate
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: promtail
spec:
serviceAccountName: loki-promtail
containers:
- name: promtail
image: grafana/promtail:2.3.0
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
args:
- -config.file=/etc/promtail/promtail.yaml
- -client.url=\$(LOKI_URL)/loki/api/v1/push
env:
- name: HOSTNAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
apiVersion: v1
fieldPath: spec.nodeName
- name: LOKI_URL
value: "http://loki.logging.svc.cluster.local:3100" # 指向 Loki Service 的地址
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /etc/promtail
name: config
- mountPath: /run/promtail
name: run
- mountPath: /mnt/docker/containers
name: docker
readOnly: true
- mountPath: /var/log/pods
name: pods
readOnly: true
ports:
- containerPort: 3101
name: http-metrics
protocol: TCP
securityContext:
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
runAsGroup: 0
runAsUser: 0
readinessProbe:
failureThreshold: 5
httpGet:
path: /ready
port: http-metrics
scheme: HTTP
initialDelaySeconds: 10
periodSeconds: 10
successThreshold: 1
timeoutSeconds: 1
tolerations:
- effect: NoSchedule
key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
operator: Exists
volumes:
- name: config
configMap:
name: loki-promtail
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/promtail
type: ""
- name: docker
hostPath:
path: /mnt/docker/containers
- name: pods
hostPath:
path: /var/log/pods
END
kubectl create -f promtail-daemonset.yaml
```
### Promtail 关键配置
```yaml
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /mnt/docker/containers
name: docker
readOnly: true
- mountPath: /var/log/pods
name: pods
readOnly: true
volumes:
- name: docker
hostPath:
path: /mnt/docker/containers
- name: pods
hostPath:
path: /var/log/pods
```
这里需要注意，hostPath 和 mountPath 配置的路径要相同（这里说的相同指的是，要和宿主机的容器目录相同），因为 Promtail 在读取容器内的日志时，会通过 K8s 的 API 接口来返回容器信息（通过源路径取的）。如果配置的不同，将会导致 httpGet 检查失败。
输出：`Not ready: Unable to find any logs to tail. Please verify permissions, volumes, scrape_config, etc. `信息，原因可能是因为挂载路径没有匹配上，导致 Promtail tail 不到日志文件。可以先手动将就绪检查关闭，来查看 Promtail 容器的日志。
## 配置数据源验证
# 物理部署下载地址
```
# loki
curl -O -L "https://github.com/grafana/loki/releases/download/v2.3.0/loki-linux-amd64.zip"
# promtail
curl -O -L "https://github.com/grafana/loki/releases/download/v2.3.0/promtail-linux-amd64.zip"
[root@FullLink-Captor-Node-01 promtail]# cat promtail.yaml
server:
http_listen_port: 9080
grpc_listen_port: 0
positions:
filename: /tmp/positions.yaml
clients:
- url: http://128.1.20.102:30100/loki/api/v1/push
external_labels:
job: varlogs
__path__: /var/log/*log
- url: http://128.1.20.102:30100/loki/api/v1/push
external_labels:
job: consumer
__path__: /opt/BpmConsumer/log/*log
scrape_configs:
- job_name: syslog
static_configs:
- targets:
- localhost
labels:
job: varlogs
__path__: /var/log/*log
- job_name: bpmconsumer
static_configs:
- targets:
- localhost
labels:
job: consumer
__path__: /opt/BpmConsumer/log/*log
# -------------------
nohup ./promtail-linux-amd64 -config.file=./promtail.yaml &
```
# [ELK](https://gitee.com/geektime-geekbang/geektime-ELK)